Urology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diseases and disorders of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. Urologists are doctors who specialize in urology and can perform surgery, diagnose and treat various conditions, and provide preventive care. Some of the common urological problems include kidney stones, urinary tract infections, prostate cancer, erectile dysfunction, and incontinence. Urology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diseases and disorders of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. Some of the common urological diseases are:

• Kidney stones, which are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys and can cause pain, bleeding, infection, or blockage of urine flow
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are infections of any part of the urinary tract, such as the bladder, urethra, ureters, or kidneys. UTIs can cause burning, frequency, urgency, or pain when urinating, as well as fever, chills, or nausea²
• Prostate cancer, which is a type of cancer that affects the prostate gland, a small organ that produces fluid for semen. Prostate cancer can cause urinary problems, erectile dysfunction, blood in urine or semen, or bone pain
• Erectile dysfunction (ED), which is the inability to get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse. ED can be caused by physical, psychological, or medication-related factors
• Incontinence, which is the loss of bladder or bowel control, resulting in leakage of urine or feces. Incontinence can be caused by nerve damage, muscle weakness, prostate problems, or other factors

Some of the common urological treatments are:

• Medications, such as antibiotics, pain relievers, alpha blockers, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, or anticholinergics. These drugs can help treat infections, pain, inflammation, or symptoms of urological conditions
• Surgery, such as lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, transurethral resection of the prostate, radical prostatectomy, penile implant, or sling procedure. These surgeries can help remove stones, tumors, or enlarged prostate, or restore urinary or sexual function
• Non-surgical procedures, such as bladder training, pelvic floor exercises, biofeedback, electrical stimulation, or catheterization. These procedures can help strengthen the muscles, nerves, or sphincters that control urination, or drain urine from the bladder